Once drilling and casing are completed, the production casing down the borehole is perforated by a tool that fires a series of small, aimed explosive charges through the wall of the pipe. At the surface the drilling rig is removed, and the fracking process begins. Typically, a fleet of tanker trucks converges on the pad along with several trailer-mounted hydraulic caidéil, cumascóirí, agus umair stórála cheimiceacha, feithicil rialaithe féinchuimsitheach nó leantóir atá lán le leictreonaic, agus trealamh eile .
Athraíonn an méid uisce úr a úsáidtear chun gás scealla amháin a bhracáil go mór, ag brath ar mhéid an tobair agus ar an méid briste a chaithfear a dhéanamh chun an gás a scaoileadh: tugann foinsí tionscail agus rialála figiúirí a bhíonn idir thart ar 7 . 5 mhilliún go 20 milliún liters (2 mhilliún go 5 mhilliún galún)-go bhfuil an t-uisce i dtrí cinn de na liters i dtrí cinn i dtrí cinn de na liters i dtrí cinn i dtrí cinn i dtrí snámh). Environmental groups argue that, in new areas where fracking may grow dramatically, such consumption may represent an unsustainable use of the region's fresh water. In response, the shale gas industry insists that fracturing for shale gas consumes less water per thermal unit than is used in coal and even conventional oil production. The water is obtained from sources determined by the market and Rialacháin-e {. g {., a ceannaíodh ón soláthar uisce cathrach, a phumpáiltear ó aibhneacha nó sruthanna áitiúla, a athúsáid ó phoist bhréige roimhe seo . Uaireanta déantar é a phíopáil go díreach chuig an eochaircheap, agus is minic a stóráiltear é in umair cruach nó i bponc mór, a bhí á gcur i bhfeidhm.
Ag baint úsáide as uisce úr, déantar meascán de leacht agus de proppant a chumasc a chuimsíonn thart ar 90 faoin gcéad uisce, níos lú ná 10 faoin gcéad gaineamh, agus 0 . breiseáin cheimiceacha 5–2 faoin gcéad; I measc na ndaoine sin tá gníomhairí glóthach, aigéid glantacháin tollphoill, cobhsaitheoirí coiscthe creimthe, agus laghdaitheoirí cuimilte peitriliam-bhunaithe le chéile chun "a mheastar a bheith ceart don phost ar leith . Tá na cineálacha beachta a fhostaítear le haghaidh na sreabháin bhréagacha seo atá ar eolas go ginearálta.
In a series of closely monitored operations, the fluid is pumped down the borehole and through the perforations in the production casing under great pressure, powerful enough to enlarge and prop open existing tiny fissures in the shale. Once fracturing is complete, production tubing is inserted into the well. Gas freed from the fractured rock enters the tubing and flows to the surface, where the fracking equipment is replaced by a network of valves at the wellhead called the "Christmas tree." Fracking fluid returns along with the gas and in some cases brines from the shale formation. These liquids are diverted to the settling ponds or tanks for further treatment and disposal. A finished production site eventually may be denuded of all previous machinery and structures, leaving little Níos mó ná an crann Nollag (nó na crainn), naisc le píblíne gáis, umair chun leachtanna comhdhlúite a stóráil, agus trealamh tacaíochta agus cothabhála . Líontar locháin socraithe neamhúsáidte i .
